Wilms Tumor - Causes, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostic, Complication and Management

Wilms Tumor - Causes, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnostic, Complication and Management

Wilms tumor or nephroblastoma is a cancer of the kidneys that typically occurs in children, rarely in adults. It is named after Dr. Max Wilms, the German surgeon (1867–1918) who first described it.

Type of renal carcinoma is the most frequently encountered arise from renal epithelium and cause more than 85% of kidney tumors. These tumors metastasize first to the lungs, bones, liver, brain, and the contralateral kidney. A quarter of patients had metastatic disease at time of diagnosis. (Brunner & Suddarth, 2014).


Causes

1. Exactly unknown
2. Genetic predisposition
3. Can be associated with congenital anomalies: which often is sporadic aniridia, genitourinary anomalies, hemihypertrophy, microcephaly and cryptorchidism. (Suriadi & Rita Yulianni, 2006).


Clinical Manifestations
1. There is a mass in the abdomen.
2. haematuria.
3. Hypertension.
4. Abdominal pain.
5. Anemia.
6. Fever.
7. Metastatic to the lungs, shortness of breath, dyspnea, cough, chest pain.
8. Pale.
9. Lethargy.
10. Anorexia.


Diagnostic
1. Physical examination.
2. Ultrasound.
3. CT scan.
4. X-rays.
5. CBC, electrolytic, BUN, creatinine and urine analysis.
6. Biopsy.


Complication
1. Metastasis.
2. Poor Prognosis
3. Complications from surgery.


Management
1. Chemotherapy with or without radiation
2. Surgery